Name: Ammonia Solution 20%
Common Names: Aqueous Ammonia, Ammonium Hydroxide
CAS Number: 1336-21-6
UN Number: UN 2672
Manufacturer: Listed supplier information with emergency contacts
Intended Use: Chemical processing, cleaning, laboratory reagent, fertilizer production
Classification: Corrosive, acute toxic (inhalation, oral), aquatic hazard
Physical Hazards: Highly irritating and corrosive to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract
Signal Word: Danger
Pictograms: Corrosive, Health Hazard, Environment
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage, harmful if inhaled, very toxic to aquatic life
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing vapors, wear protective gloves and eye protection, use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area, wash skin thoroughly after handling
Chemical Name: Ammonium Hydroxide
Concentration: 19–21% in water
Main Ingredient: Ammonia, anhydrous
CAS Number: 7664-41-7
Impurities & Additives: No significant impurities for typical commercial-grade material
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep warm and at rest, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, do not use neutralizers, seek medical advice
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, lift eyelids occasionally, remove contact lenses if easy, get medical attention right away
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, do not induce vomiting, seek medical advice immediately
Most Important Symptoms: Burning pain, red skin, eye damage, lung irritation, risk of delayed pulmonary edema
Flammability: Not flammable as a solution, but releases flammable ammonia gas at high temperatures
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide
Hazards from Combustion: Releases ammonia vapor, toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective suit, approach from upwind
Advice for Firefighters: Cool containers exposed to fire with water, prevent runoff from entering drains or watercourses
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary personnel, ventilate area well, wear chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and apron
Environmental Precautions: Prevent release to drains, surface water or soil, use barriers to contain spill
Methods for Containment: Stop leak if safe, contain spillage with sand or earth
Methods for Cleaning Up: Neutralize with dilute acid (like acetic acid or vinegar) only if trained, collect spilled liquid into containers, dispose according to local regulations, wash residues with plenty of water
Precautions for Safe Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas, avoid inhalation, prevent contact with skin, eyes and clothing, do not mix with acids
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands after use, do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling
Conditions for Safe Storage: Store in cool, ventilated area, away from incompatible substances like acids, metals, oxidizers and halogens
Packing Materials: Keep in tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers, protect from sunlight, label clearly
Incompatible Materials: Acids (liberates toxic ammonia gas), chlorine, hypochlorites (risk of explosion or toxic fumes), silver, zinc, copper
Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL): Ammonia TWA 25 ppm (17 mg/m³), STEL 35 ppm (24 mg/m³)
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, safety shower and eye-wash stations nearby
Personal Protective Equipment: Nitrile or neoprene gloves, splash-resistant goggles or face shield, chemical-resistant apron and boots, NIOSH-approved respirator for high vapor concentrations
Hygiene Practices: Remove contaminated clothing promptly, wash skin after exposure, do not store near food or beverages
Appearance: Clear, colorless or slightly yellow liquid with strong, pungent odor
Odor: Sharp, suffocating ammonia smell
pH: Approximately 11.6–12.6
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -57°C
Boiling Point: Approximately 27°C (80°F, for 20% solution)
Flash Point: Not applicable
Evaporation Rate: Rapid in open air
Flammability: Not applicable as solution; ammonia vapor forms flammable mixtures
Vapor Pressure: 115 mmHg at 25°C
Solubility: Completely miscible in water
Density: 0.92–0.95 g/cm³
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition Temperature: Above 35°C releases ammonia vapor
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with acids, forms potentially explosive mixtures with silver, chlorine, iodine
Hazardous Reactions: Gives off ammonia vapors with heat/acid contact
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, direct sunlight, poor ventilation, acid contact
Incompatible Materials: Acidic substances, halogens, oxidizers, hypochlorites, strong reducing agents
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Toxic ammonia gas, nitrogen oxides
Acute Toxicity: Ammonia vapor is highly toxic, can cause death at high concentrations; solution causes chemical burns
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, ingestion
Symptoms: Respiratory distress, coughing, burns, severe eye injury, gastrointestinal irritation
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure may lead to dermatitis, chronic respiratory issues
LD50 Oral (rat): 350 mg/kg (for ammonia solution 20%)
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic to humans
Mutagenicity/Reproductive Toxicity: Not expected to be mutagenic or cause reproductive harm
Other Information: Individuals with asthma or lung conditions risk higher complications
Ecotoxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, risk of long-lasting harmful effects in aquatic environments
Persistence and Degradability: Rapidly biodegrades in soil and water, but ammonia persistence may cause short-term harm
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low for ammonia, not expected to bioaccumulate
Mobility in Soil: Ammonia migrates through soil easily, risk of groundwater contamination
Other Adverse Effects: Eutrophication risk leading to oxygen depletion in water bodies, danger to fish and invertebrates
Disposal Methods: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations
Waste Treatment: Neutralize with dilute acid if required, treat in an approved chemical waste facility
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly, then dispose of as hazardous waste
Precautions: Do not discharge to surface water or sewers, avoid contamination with acids or chlorinated compounds
UN Number: 2672
Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia solution, 20%
Transport Hazard Class: 8 (Corrosive substances)
Packing Group: III
ERAP Required: Yes for large volumes
Marine Pollutant: Yes
Special Precautions: Keep containers upright and secure during transport, ensure ventilation to prevent pressure buildup
Mandatory Labeling: Corrosive symbol, hazard class and risk phrases
Workplace Regulations: Covered under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
Environmental Regulations: Listed under SARA Title III, Section 313, reportable under CERCLA
International Inventories: Listed in TSCA, EINECS, DSL
Other Requirements: Compliance with local health, safety, and environmental protection laws, including restrictions on discharges and spill reporting
