The journey of campholenic aldehyde reflects broader growth in organic chemistry over the years, shaped by the search for valuable fragrance and flavor compounds. Early studies focused on extracting essential oils from native plants, with campholenic aldehyde surfacing during steam distillation experiments on camphor oil in the late nineteenth century. Chemists started recognizing its distinct woody-camphoraceous aroma, which led to more dedicated isolation and synthesis methods emerging in the early-to-mid twentieth century. Improvements came not only from better extraction but also from investments in terpene chemistry, as researchers embraced its value for both sensory industries and chemical synthesis. The compound's rise in prominence mirrors the shift from natural harvests to systematic lab-based production—cutting reliance on regional camphor tree crops and making supply more predictable for global industrial needs. History shows trends, but it’s the hands-on work in labs and factories that really brought campholenic aldehyde out of obscurity and into a staple role for modern product formulators.
Anyone who has walked through a fragrance lab or peered into the world of flavor chemistry comes across campholenic aldehyde sooner or later. Known for a strong, woody character, it supports top and middle notes in countless formulations, blending easily into perfumes, soaps, air fresheners, and even specialty cleaning solutions. Its role extends beyond pleasing the nose; this compound provides structure and depth to synthetic profiles, bridging harshness and lending a smooth, lingering nuance—think pine, camphor, cedar and just a hint of citrus. Its demand persists, not only from artisan Givaudan-style perfumers but also from manufacturers that need consistency, cost control, and traceability. Versatile by nature, campholenic aldehyde gets chosen for more than scent: it functions as a precursor in the synthesis of medically useful terpenoids, key intermediates for vitamins, and as a reactant in specialty coating compounds.
Campholenic aldehyde appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid under room temperature, sporting that unmistakable sharp woody aroma. It comes with a boiling point in the range of 208–210 °C and a density hovering around 0.96 g/cm³—practical numbers for storage and transport, yet not without the usual precautions for volatile organics. Solubility leans strongly toward organic solvents (ethanol, ether, and oils), with minimal mixing into water. Chemically, it fits into the monoterpene family, holding a bicyclic skeleton with an aldehyde functional group. This architecture not only defines its scent, but also sets the stage for a range of chemical modifications. It stands up to mild acids and bases, but aggressive oxidizers or reducers alter its structure, often with interesting byproducts for further use. From a formulator’s perspective, this combination of stability and reactivity makes it a handy tool in the creative toolbox.
Industry specs for campholenic aldehyde reflect both regulatory guidance and the needs of downstream users. Purity often runs above 95%, since low-grade material brings unwanted off-notes and potential toxicological baggage. Color is measured using Hazen(Pt/Co) standards, with lower numbers preferred for fragrance and cosmetics. Specific gravity, refractive index, and boiling point serve as practical QC parameters—allowing buyers to predict performance in both fragrance release and chemical synthesis. On packaging, hazard labels stay upfront: the compound irritates eyes and skin, so suppliers mark drums and bottles with clear pictograms and reference to global standards like GHS. Product data sheets include not just these stats, but also guidance for storage (cool, dry, well-ventilated), shelf life, and reactivity. It’s tempting to gloss over paperwork, but following these specs in real-world settings makes a difference between a successful release and a costly recall.
Production relies on one central route: acid-catalyzed isomerization and oxidation of α-pinene, itself a byproduct from turpentine distillation. The process starts with converting α-pinene to camphene by treating it with mineral acid, then introducing gentle oxidation—traditionally using air and a copper-based catalyst—to bring out the aldehyde functionality. Advances over the years focused on yield and selectivity, with continuous reactor systems replacing batch pots for consistent quality. Purification, often done by distillation under reduced pressure, removes unreacted starting material and byproducts, delivering a product fit for demanding markets. Lab-scale tweaks, like milder acid use or alternative metal catalysts, keep coming as researchers chase greener and more cost-effective ways. Experience shows that a careful touch during the synthesis—tight temperature control and vigilant phase separation—offers the highest returns in both quality and scalability.
Campholenic aldehyde stands out as a chemical platform thanks to its nucleophilic aldehyde group and strained bicyclic backbone. Reductive amination turns it into corresponding amines, useful in both flavor synthesis and specialty pharmaceuticals. Gentle oxidation yields carboxylic acids, which open doors for polymer and resin applications. Researchers experiment with Diels-Alder and Michael additions, taking advantage of its unsaturation for building more complex terpene derivatives—many of which fuel further discovery in bioactive compound development. In practice, the aldehyde reacts cleanly under most common conditions, provided sources of strong oxidizers are avoided. Its ability to take on new functional groups feeds innovation, giving rise to new fragrances, flavoring agents, building blocks for UV-curable coatings, and intermediates in synthetic vitamin pathways.
In chemical catalogs, campholenic aldehyde answers to several aliases, reflecting its diverse sourcing history and international reach. Common names include 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-ene-2-carboxaldehyde, Isocampholene aldehyde, and simply Campholene aldehyde. It appears under trade names tailored for major fragrance and chemical brands—each emphasizing subtle differences in purity or odorous profile. For regulatory traceability, CAS number 124-76-5 ensures everyone stays clear about what’s inside each drum or bottle, bypassing the confusion that sometimes tags along with older naming systems. No matter the name, practicality remains key: blending labs and manufacturers depend on precise labeling to avoid costly mix-ups and to satisfy regulatory audits that only seem to get stricter with time.
Handling campholenic aldehyde calls for respect—both in the lab and on the factory floor. Its irritant nature means gloves, lab coats, and goggles never stay far from reach. Adequate ventilation matters as the sharp odor grows overwhelming at high concentrations, putting both worker comfort and safety at risk. Safety data sheets advise against ingestion, inhalation of concentrated vapor, and skin contact over prolonged periods, mandating spill trays and eye wash stations close by in production areas. Fire risk, while moderate, pushes users to keep sources of ignition out of the zone and to opt for explosion-proof storage when possible. Documentation forms the backbone of compliance, with facilities logging training, cleaning, and emergency response drills. Developing a culture of operational discipline doesn’t just check a box—it prevents injuries, lawsuits, and stock losses from accidental contamination.
Fragrance production makes up the largest use for campholenic aldehyde, tuning complex blends with woody, herbal, and pine notes. Soap and detergent makers see it as an affordable way to impart freshness, while air freshener formulators prize its slow, lingering release—a trait seldom matched by simpler aldehydes. Pharmaceutical labs use it as a starting scaffold in semi-synthetic terpene chemistry, pursuing analogues for vitamins E and K and certain anti-inflammatory drugs. Beyond personal care, the compound finds a minor yet notable place in specialty coatings, where its backbone contributes to improved hardness and chemical resistance. New application trials explore its antifungal and antimicrobial traits, looking for safer alternatives in both agri-tech and packaging worlds. The variety of roles traces back to its unique structure, making it valuable long after many older compounds fade from favor.
Innovations in campholenic aldehyde hinge on improving both sustainability and functionality. Researchers experiment with biocatalytic routes, trading harsh chemical reagents for engineered enzymes that shorten synthesis steps and reduce waste. Academic groups investigate its reactivity map—pushing the limits to uncover new derivatives suitable for drug discovery and green polymer chemistry. Startups tap into the “natural” fragrance movement, pivoting toward renewable feedstocks and milder processes to meet the rising expectations of conscious consumers. Analytical labs work on new detection and quantitation methods, helping both producers and end-users verify the authenticity and quality of supply, especially in the shadow of global counterfeiting and substitution scandals. The pace of change depends on collaboration—suppliers and brand owners sharing know-how across disciplines, reminding the world that chemistry, at its best, solves real problems.
Studies on campholenic aldehyde cover acute, chronic, and environmental toxicity, reflecting both regulatory demands and end-user safety concerns. Early animal studies flagged skin and eye irritation as the main hazards at high or repeated doses, but found low systemic absorption and rapid clearance in most models. Chronic exposure remains an area of active review, with toxicologists tracking metabolic byproducts and their impacts—especially for those industries storing large quantities or using it in tightly enclosed spaces. Environmental assessments show moderate biodegradability and limited aquatic toxicity when released in small quantities, yet unchecked spills could affect sensitive microorganisms and local waterways. Ongoing research keeps manufacturers alert to regulatory changes; investments in contained processes and improved waste management do more than protect reputation—they prevent real harm to workers and the environment.
Looking ahead, campholenic aldehyde threads its way into both established and emerging markets. Scent and flavor pros continue to demand stability and performance, but expectations for “green chemistry” and transparency keep rising. Shorter supply chains—from farm to factory—reduce risk and help brands prove authenticity to buyers. Advances in catalysis, metabolic engineering, and digital process controls mean cleaner, higher-yield routes are on the horizon, shrinking the environmental footprint and cost. Regulatory scrutiny will likely sharpen, especially in cosmetics and food applications, as safety profiles adapt to new research. Small and large players alike find value in versatile building blocks; campholenic aldehyde, with its unique chemistry and track record, stands ready for further adaptation. Industry experience tells us that those closest to both science and the market demands end up setting the pace, pushing for both innovation and responsibility.
Most people never hear about campholenic aldehyde, but chances are they’ve experienced its presence. This compound has a woody, pine-like scent with a hint of camphor. Companies that make perfumes, household cleaners, soaps, and some kinds of food flavorings rely on this ingredient more than folks might expect. My own awareness about it started after digging through the ingredient lists of popular home products and questioning why so many had an elusive “fragrance” label. That single word hides a lot. Campholenic aldehyde brings depth and complexity that synthetic scents sometimes lack.
People often judge products by how they smell. Walk down a grocery store aisle and you’ll quickly realize fresh-smelling cleaners and citrus-scented soaps entice shoppers. That spark of pine or camphor pulls from our natural preference for clean, fresh environments. Psychologists say that a pleasing scent can shift someone’s entire perception of a space or object. Campholenic aldehyde helps make products stand out in a crowded market by anchoring synthetic blends with something rich and natural.
Perfume makers value campholenic aldehyde for its staying power and the way it lingers on skin. Its strong, lasting character rounds out floral and citrus bases, making the overall experience less one-dimensional. Flavor companies also use it sparingly to give a foresty lift to some food products. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration permits its use in trace amounts as a flavoring ingredient, after careful review of safety data.
Safety of chemicals in personal products always stirs debate. Regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe have studied campholenic aldehyde. They set limits on its use and keep reviewing new evidence. Honest labeling helps, but that still doesn’t guarantee consumers understand what goes into their products. Instances of skin irritation remain rare, though the industry recognizes that each person reacts differently. I once tried an artisan soap that used a pine-scented blend—my skin felt fine, but some folks get red or itchy. Makers who use this ingredient could do more to educate about its source and effects, especially for people with sensitivities.
With more interest in “clean labels,” transparency becomes a point of trust. Companies benefit from open communication—not just legal compliance but also active engagement with customers curious about formulas. Producers can also look for more sustainable ways to make campholenic aldehyde, moving away from fossil-based sources in favor of green chemistry. Some suppliers now offer plant-derived alternatives, though these cost more. Over time, better choices at the manufacturing level could ease concerns about safety and environmental impact, without sacrificing that signature scent that has quietly shaped our modern environment.
Campholenic Aldehyde carries a sharp, woody scent. This chemical shows up in perfumes, flavors, and sometimes in cleaning products. Besides its fragrance, it can irritate skin, eyes, and airways if someone isn’t careful. A few reckless mistakes can turn a regular workday into a trip to the doctor or even the emergency room.
A big part of chemical safety comes down to respect for what’s in front of you. I remember working in a lab while finishing my chemistry degree. One careless student was rinsing glassware and didn’t notice a strong chemical smell. He didn’t think much of it until his eyes started to burn. His supervisor rushed in, opened every window, and found ventilation fans that should have been running. Simple missteps pile up. In my experience, it’s easy to get complacent. Campholenic Aldehyde belongs to a class of chemicals that demand solid awareness and discipline every time they come out of storage.
Good ventilation stands as the first line of defense against fumes. Fume hoods with steady airflow trap vapors before anyone has the chance to breathe them in. Once, during a summer internship at a fragrance company, technicians taped a note above every workstation: “No fume hood, no open containers.” If a workspace falls short on air turnover, portable fans help, but nothing beats running experiments under a functioning hood.
Skin contact with Campholenic Aldehyde might cause rashes or even chemical burns. Gloves, preferably made from nitrile, should cover every inch of exposed skin on the hands. Splash goggles handle eye protection, much better than standard safety glasses. Loose cuffs on a lab coat or apron stop liquids from sliding underneath. Closed shoes—no sandals—protect feet. It feels inconvenient to suit up every time, but cheap gloves trump dealing with raw, peeling skin for days on end.
Sturdy, labeled containers aren’t just for looks. Campholenic Aldehyde lasts longer where it’s cool, dry, and dark. Forgetting to seal containers causes leaks and makes strong odors linger. During college, one of my classmates once stored a small bottle beside the radiator. The cap loosened, and the whole room reeked for a week. It led to headaches and ruined data for others using that space. No one made the same mistake after that.
Accidents don’t care if people feel prepared or not. A spill creates a hazard for skin, eyes, or lungs. If this chemical spreads, the right approach involves air circulation, absorbent materials, and immediate disposal following local protocols. I’ve seen supervisors insist that everyone in the room rehearse spill responses twice a month. At the time, it felt like overkill, but in hindsight, preparation prevented mishaps from escalating.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) gives guidelines for handling workplace chemicals, including this one. Reading the safety data sheet (SDS) before opening a bottle or starting a project isn’t just paperwork. It builds real understanding of risks, symptoms of exposure, and emergency contacts. During my own jobs in academic labs and manufacturing sites, the teams that reviewed safety data regularly kept incident reports low and made insurance claims nearly nonexistent.
Mistakes with Campholenic Aldehyde aren’t theoretical. Skin irritation, eye injury, and lung problems happen to real people. Respect for the process and good habits keep everyone safe. Most injuries could be avoided with basic gear, careful storage, and a willingness to ask questions before the first drop gets poured.
Campholenic aldehyde isn’t a household name unless someone works in fragrances, chemistry, or dabbles in the world of essential oils. But its chemical formula—C10H16O—connects countless products. This compound, sitting in the limelight for those with a nose for science or a hobby for making their own perfume, packs a punch far beyond its simple structure.
Chemical formulas tell a story, and C10H16O spells out campholenic aldehyde as a creator’s building block. Coming from camphor and terpenes, its ten carbon atoms, sixteen hydrogens, and one oxygen chain together to deliver that distinctive, fresh, woody scent manufacturers chase, especially in soaps and detergents. This compound fills the gaps where synthetic chemistry and nature’s fragrances meet.
It’s easy to overlook these alphabet-soup-like combinations. But for folks who care about what goes into their skin creams or air fresheners, knowledge about stuff like C10H16O gives a little more control over the ingredients entering their lives. I learned that sniffing out ingredient lists usually doesn’t push anyone to memorize chemical formulas. It does help, though, to recognize that C10H16O isn’t some nonsense filler—it represents a plant-derived aldehyde trusted in both craft and commercial production.
Research points out that campholenic aldehyde brings a profile not only valued for smell, but also for its reactivity. Chemists often look to it as a precursor—think launching pad—to other useful molecules in pharmaceuticals, flavorings, and even bug repellents. For example, after reading papers on essential oil distillation, I stumbled across the tidbit that campholenic aldehyde’s presence can raise the value of certain oils, since it broadens how producers tailor end products. Its molecular shape, built from rings and branches, offers flexibility for further modification with little fuss. This advantage signals why companies trust it for product development instead of less adaptable chemicals.
Plenty of people have grown skeptical of unrecognizable ingredient names. Demand keeps rising for clean-label products, and knowing campholenic aldehyde’s origins and makeup helps cut through the clutter. C10H16O in a formula points to a legacy of nature’s chemistry rigged for safety, although that doesn’t mean anything gets a free pass. Safety reports on campholenic aldehyde underscore the importance of concentration and intended use—overexposure triggers sensitivities just like other strong-smelling ingredients. Brands share more about chemical sourcing and performance, building trust with those who want more than just a fragrance or label lingo.
Chemical literacy stands as one way for everyday people to advocate for their own health and preferences. Increased transparency about campholenic aldehyde’s journey from camphor oil to product shelves will help consumers decide whether such compounds fit into their values. Solutions like open-access safety data, honest product disclosures, and third-party verification make a difference. Fact-based dialogue about C10H16O builds trust and allows creativity in formulation without mystery or risk. Everyone should have the chance to see more than just a formula—there’s a story and a decision behind it.
Walking through the tangled world of fragrance and flavor chemicals, campholenic aldehyde stands out with its crisp, fresh scent. I’ve seen shoppers holding tiny vials, squinting at ingredient labels, wondering whether they’re inhaling a product of nature or something built in a lab. It’s easy to get lost in rumors or incomplete claims. On any store shelf or online listing, “natural” and “synthetic” buzzwords don’t always match the full reality.
Some believe that campholenic aldehyde drips from plants, ready for bottling. The truth swings more subtle. Campholenic aldehyde does exist in nature, mainly inside the essential oils of certain pine species. Scientists first discovered it this way, pulling small amounts out of those sticky, forest-scented extracts. The problem: no pine needle or tree will give up enough of this aldehyde to support the scale demanded by the modern perfume, flavor, and pharmaceutical world.
Factories today build campholenic aldehyde by modifying pinene, a compound found in turpentine. Modern synthesis routes convert pinene through a series of chemical steps. That journey takes things that started out as natural but finishes them using controlled chemical reactions. Most campholenic aldehyde in everyday products comes from this transformational process. The molecule itself remains identical, whether it began in a forest or was pieced together in a reactor vessel.
Bottles, candles, candies, and medications often brag about “all-natural ingredients.” This message isn’t always straightforward. Most manufacturers draw the line at whether the final ingredient matches a structure found in nature, regardless of how it was made. The synthesis pipeline, especially one that starts with plant-based feedstock, delivers a consistent, affordable product.
What happens if we expect all our scents or flavors only in their wild forms? My own experience as a formulator tells me I’d only end up pricing most folks out of a familiar fragrance or taste. The numbers show that only a tiny yield can be pulled from pine needles directly. A completely “wild-harvested” product usually fetches a premium—and rarely brings a better safety or environmental impact. Responsible laboratories regulate purity tightly, testing for harmful byproducts that wild harvesting sometimes introduces.
Trust in ingredients matters. I’ve fielded more than one call from concerned parents asking if their children’s cough syrup flavors are “real.” Consumers want both honesty and safety. Traceability offers that. Large suppliers and major brands document the steps and sources behind their raw materials. The FDA and European agencies require safety profiles, including data on possible allergens. Companies risk public backlash if they hide their methods.
There’s room for improvement, though. Ingredient transparency still has gaps. Labels rarely explain that “artificial” simply means the source of the molecule—never that it’s dangerous or new. Big players should treat transparency as a selling point, not a regulatory box to check. In the years I’ve worked with these chemicals, I’ve seen that open, respectful communication builds trust much faster than buzzwords or evasive phrasing.
So, does campholenic aldehyde come directly from the earth, or from carefully guided synthesis? Technically, both routes exist, but virtually every bottle traces back to the chemical conversion of naturally sourced pinene. The final compound matches nature at the molecular level. For those worried about “synthetic” flavors, learning where raw materials come from, and how safety is managed, does far more to ease minds than clever packaging or advertising claims.
Campholenic Aldehyde finds regular use in fragrance formulas and flavor work, thanks to its fresh, camphor-like aroma. Behind the pleasant scent lies a chemical that deserves respect. Like many aldehydes, it catches fire easily and doesn’t always play nice with sunlight or air. Turning a blind eye to the basics of storage can cost you quality, safety, and money over time. Most folks in the lab or warehouse don’t want a leaky drum or faded aroma, and no one wants a health scare when handling a product that just “went off.”
Direct sunlight and rising temperatures speed up breakdown and encourage byproducts. Campholenic Aldehyde will slowly oxidize or polymerize if left under harsh conditions, spoiling its signature scent. I’ve seen containers start to cloud or turn yellow when they spend too long in the wrong spot. Store your drums or bottles in a cool, shaded place. A dedicated chemical storage room with air conditioning works well. Even a simple metal cabinet away from windows does the job in smaller setups.
Some aldehydes evaporate faster than you expect, and once Campholenic Aldehyde hits the air, you can lose content through the vapor alone. Worse, it can react with oxygen or moisture, changing character or, in rare cases, building up pressure in an unvented space. Always double-check for clean, sturdy, and tightly sealed lids after every use. A good habit is to label drums with the opening date and your initials, so everyone knows who last handled the batch.
Even a tiny spill left near an exposed light or electrical outlet can spell trouble. The flash point for Campholenic Aldehyde hovers around 70°C (158°F), making it a combustible risk. Store it away from lab heaters, power tools, and hot equipment. I’ve heard too many stories of “just a little drip” turning into a fire code violation—or worse. Grounding your shelving and avoiding plastic shelving with static buildup matters more than most realize.
People underestimate nose fatigue or headaches from repeated exposure, especially over a shift. Most fragrance raw materials like this release noticeable vapors. A well-ventilated storage space, with working vents and exhaust fans, makes a dramatic difference. Anyone using this aldehyde regularly should work with gloves and goggles and steer clear of small, stuffy cupboards.
Local safety codes spell out details for chemical storage—some cities and countries require fire-resistant cabinets, special warning labels, or even restrictions on total quantities. Facilities that play it safe keep updated safety data sheets (SDS) on hand and maintain an easy-to-follow log for stored chemicals, along with emergency response plans. Digital records help track shelf life and flag any issues, which pays dividends during surprise inspections.
A broken bottle or mystery puddle calls for immediate action: gloves, respirator masks, and plenty of absorbent material. Fresh air cuts down on strong, lingering odors. Used absorbents should land in chemical waste, not regular trash. I’ve seen accidents avoided simply because people trained for spills and posted emergency contacts close to the storage site.
Respect for Campholenic Aldehyde and other specialty chemicals means never cutting corners on storage. Cool, dark, well-sealed, and protected from sparks or open flames—those steps keep workers safe and product quality high. Knowing local rules and acting fast when something spills goes a long way in building trust and keeping disasters off the books.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3-carbaldehyde |
| Other names |
2,2,6-Trimethyl-6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl methanal
2,2,6-Trimethyl-6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-5-carbaldehyde 2,2,6-Trimethyl-5-formyl-6,7-dihydrobenzofuran Campholenaldehyde 2,2,6-Trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5-benzofurancarboxaldehyde |
| Pronunciation | /ˌkæm.fəˈliː.nɪk ˈæl.dɪ.haɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 104-20-1 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1721396 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:63013 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL444608 |
| ChemSpider | 5322095 |
| DrugBank | DB14068 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.232 |
| EC Number | EC 204-909-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 137218 |
| KEGG | C06735 |
| MeSH | D002193 |
| PubChem CID | 10702 |
| RTECS number | GO5775000 |
| UNII | I6F477P2RY |
| UN number | UN1992 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID7021060 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H16O |
| Molar mass | 150.22 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Powerful, camphoraceous, woody, herbal |
| Density | 0.948 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 2.4 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.133 hPa (25 °C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14.74 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 6.27 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -71.5×10^-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.46400 |
| Viscosity | 3.796 mPa·s (at 20 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 2.62 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 311.1 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -351.7 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3087.7 kJ/mol |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H319 Causes serious eye irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P301+P310, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P337+P313, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, P501 |
| Flash point | 74 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | > 225 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): 2200 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 3,500 mg/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | NA0150000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.3 ppm |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Camphor
Isoborneol Borneol Campholenic acid |
