Cyanex 301 surfaced in the late 1970s when researchers were looking for better ways to separate metals, especially in hydrometallurgy. Early on, industries grappled with inefficient extraction processes that wasted both resources and time. The development of Cyanex 301 marked a shift. Teams in Europe and North America, working in chemical plants and university labs, trialed sulfur-based extractants to see which would pull specific metals from solutions. Through years of tinkering with the molecular structure, the researchers hit upon bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid, which showed consistent results in selectively pulling soft metals like nickel and cobalt. I remember reading about this shift in an industry magazine in the early 2000s—at that time, most folks I knew in mining thought this molecule offered a breath of fresh air compared to the old solvent systems. By the 1990s, most refineries processing nickel or rare earths in the West at least ran pilot plants with Cyanex 301.
Cyanex 301 belongs to the class of organophosphorus compounds, known for their strong affinity to certain metal ions. Its main feature lies in its dithiophosphinic acid group, making it different from its siblings Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 302, which have different donor atoms. The product usually appears as a yellowish liquid with a pungent, sulfurish smell—it does not exactly win awards for best scent on the shop floor. In practice, you’ll find Cyanex 301 in bottles or drums, ready to be dosed into organic solvents for extraction. Unlike generic extractants on the market, Cyanex 301 handles soft, precious and rare metals, which fetch much higher prices, thus making it an easy favorite for anyone trying to extract value from complex ores or leachates.
Cyanex 301 (bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid) comes as a liquid under normal conditions, packing a density around 0.93 g/cm³. Its melting point stays well below room temperature, which means freezing up rarely becomes an issue during handling. It dissolves in most common organic solvents, including kerosene and toluene, but hardly mixes with water, a property chemists value highly for separating metal ions across two phases. Its high selectivity for soft, chalcophile metals mainly comes from its sulfur atoms, which snatch up ions like cobalt, nickel, silver, and certain rare earth elements from the soup of other metals floating in a process solution. The acidic hydrogen in the molecule can easily swap places for a metal cation, making extractions fast and clean if handled right. The odor, driven by sulfur content, remains the main irritant for anyone working with open drums of this chemical.
Commercial samples of Cyanex 301 generally come with purity above 95 percent. Labels on drums clearly state the CAS number 83411-71-6, United Nations transport code, and hazard warnings about skin and environmental exposure. Manufacturers also specify physical properties, batch numbers, production dates, and recommended shelf life, which usually runs several years under cool, dry storage. As per transport and safety regulations, containers carry markings for flammable and harmful substances, along with emergency procedures in case of leaks or contact. The documentation goes a step further with material safety data sheets, instructing users about correct handling and what to do if an accident happens. Big mining operators demand full traceability; so batch records and quality control checks matter as much as the technical numbers written on the label.
Making Cyanex 301 involves a reaction between phosphorus compounds and selected thiols under careful temperature and inert atmosphere. Factories use large reactors to blend 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl alcohol with phosphorus pentasulfide, then add the proper amines to yield the final dithiophosphinic acid after several steps including hydrolysis. The process calls for tightly controlled heating and precise dosing of reactants, since deviations could easily produce unwanted byproducts or contaminate the batch. The product then gets purified by distillation or solvent washes, and technical-grade material may go through an extra round of filtration before bottling. The process generates sulfur-rich residues, so most plants install scrubbers and filters to prevent emissions and protect workers. I once saw a batch being made in a pilot plant—everyone wore full protective gear because fumes from the synthesis process pack a real punch.
Cyanex 301 acts as a proton donor in organic extraction, giving up its hydrogen to form a metal-complex in the organic phase. It swaps its proton for a metal cation, making a neutral pair that dissolves in the organic solvent but leaves other metals behind. People experimenting in the lab have tweaked the molecule to add or swap alkyl chains, and occasionally, researchers graft functional groups onto the backbone to increase stability under tough conditions or crank up selectivity for metals like indium or gallium. Common modifications also target improving solubility in greener, less hazardous solvents as industries push toward sustainable extraction. Adding modifiers or diluents, such as alcohols, changes the separation factor, which helps tailor the process for unique ores or urban mining projects.
Besides Cyanex 301, chemical catalogs list this extractant under names like bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid, DTPIA, and sometimes “phosphinic acid, dithio-, bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) ester.” The parent companies, including Cytec Industries (now part of Solvay), hold trademarks over the Cyanex name, so off-brand versions usually show up as their chemical synonym. Some suppliers in Asia market it under house brands, but most folks in the field stick to calling it Cyanex 301, since that’s what shows up in academic journals and technical data sheets. Checking batch authenticity matters, as counterfeit products can pop up, especially in regions with less oversight of chemical distribution.
Handling Cyanex 301 comes with a set of health and environmental risks. Its sulfur backbone can irritate skin, eyes, and lungs, requiring workers to wear gloves, goggles, and sometimes full respirators. The chemicals pose fire and explosion risks, especially if overheated or stored near oxidizing agents. Waste solutions and spills can trigger headaches and nausea, especially in poorly ventilated spaces. Industrial plants manage risks through strict enclosure of process vessels, emergency eyewash and shower stations, air scrubbers, and real-time gas detection. Environmental rules bar disposal of spent extractant straight into the drain; neutralization and incineration become mandatory to meet compliance targets. Over the last decade, mining houses started phasing in higher standards, after incidents linked to chronic exposure among workers. Regular health checks, training drills, and tight inventory control serve as the front line to prevent accidents.
Cyanex 301 gets heavy use in mining and metallurgy, mostly in operations processing nickel, cobalt, zinc, molybdenum, and rare earth ores. Its main strength—drawing out soft, valuable metals even from messy, mixed solutions—lets producers bump recovery without needing constant feed purification. Electrolytic refineries, hydrometallurgical circuits, and urban mining specialists all turn to this extractant to solve separation headaches, squeezing more money from tailings or scrap. On top of this, the recycling industry jumped on Cyanex 301 over the past few years to recover critical elements from end-of-life electronics and batteries. Research labs keep testing new roles for this compound, hoping to unlock more rare metals as their demand skyrockets for things like solar panels, wind turbines, and EV batteries. Some plants in Asia and North America now use Cyanex 301 in multi-stage solvent extraction processes to isolate scandium or tellurium—elements once considered nearly impossible to extract at scale.
Academic and industrial labs chase after ways to use Cyanex 301 more efficiently, cut down waste, and find new extractive possibilities. Researchers scrutinize how mix ratios, time, and pH shifts affect extraction power, drawing up better predictive models for pilot plants. There’s a push to shrink solvent use, both to cut costs and reduce hazardous waste. The research community continues swapping functional groups on the molecule or blending it with co-extractants, aiming to create “designer extractants” with higher selectivity or improved tolerance to tough process conditions. Advances in mechanochemistry, ionic liquids, and even microwave-assisted extraction let labs combine Cyanex 301 with cutting-edge methods to shorten reaction times and slash energy footprints. At conferences, experts share breakthroughs on extracting metals from low-grade ore or industrial scrap—without expensive pre-treatments.
Over the years, toxicity studies flagged Cyanex 301 as harmful on both immediate contact and over the long haul. Direct skin exposure brings burns and rashes, while inhaled vapors can make breathing tough. Chronic exposure in animal models showed impacts on the liver and kidneys, along with reproductive toxicity at high doses. Environmentally, spills hurt aquatic life, especially bottom-dwellers that can’t escape contaminated sediment. Regulatory agencies in North America and Europe tracked accidental releases, prompting rules on storage, handling, and disposal. In my time talking with safety officers, the main message stays consistent—don’t cut corners with such chemicals. More recently, green chemistry initiatives focus on studying breakdown products in soil or water, since metabolites may persist longer than the parent compound. Improved fume hoods, air exchange systems, and mandatory PPE standards sprang up in mining and recycling plants as research exposed risks to both workers and the surrounding ecosystem.
Cyanex 301 stands ready for a surge as the world scrambles for the metals fueling the green transition—lithium batteries, wind turbines, rare earth magnets, and solar panels all rely on hard-to-get metals. With the demand for cleaner, energy-efficient technologies placing pressure on old mines and recycling yards, this extractant opens doors to higher yields from both natural ores and urban waste. Efforts now aim at making the extraction process safer, with greener solvent systems and less aggressive production cycles. Researchers and plant managers test blends with sustainable co-extractants and integrate advanced process controls, slashing operator exposure while keeping output high. Regulatory scrutiny keeps tightening as more data rolls in on health and environmental impact, giving rise to higher safety margins. If R&D keeps up the pace, next-generation versions of Cyanex 301 may hit the market, promising even greater selectivity, less toxicity, and better recyclability, making it a vital ingredient in the toolkit for the sustainable resource industry.
Cyanex 301 often shows up in stories about rare earths and metal extraction. The big deal with this chemical—also called bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid—comes from its knack for separating valuable metals from mixtures that usually frustrate even experienced chemists. This isn’t just some lab trick. Companies rely on Cyanex 301 to recover metals like nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements that power everything from smartphones to clean energy tech.
Not everyone pays attention to specialty chemicals, but those who follow the supply chains for renewable energy know that getting pure rare earths isn’t easy. Scroll through news about electric vehicles or wind turbines and someone’s always worried about the source of the minerals inside. The world’s hunger for technology just keeps getting bigger. Batteries and magnets need rare earths like dysprosium, neodymium, and terbium. Extracting them from ore runs into a ton of problems. Many processes leave behind toxic waste or tangled mixtures impossible to use.
Cyanex 301 makes it easier to grab only what’s needed. In a real way, cleaner extraction means fewer environmental messes. That matters when mining projects draw protests or slow down because no one wants heavy metals leaking into rivers. People living near mines—whether in China, Africa, or North America—know the cost of shortcuts. Using Cyanex 301 to boost selectivity helps companies limit polluting byproducts and gives communities some relief. No process is perfect, but every improvement counts.
It’s not just mining, either. Recyclers struggle to recover precious metals from old electronics. Most printed circuit boards and spent batteries hold small amounts of valuable materials. Pulling out the good stuff without melting everything or creating toxic fumes challenges engineers everywhere. Cyanex 301 comes into play by separating rare metals even in tiny volumes. More efficient recycling feeds back into the system, which means less pressure to rip new materials out of the ground. That reduces the cost and environmental impact of new green technologies.
Peer-reviewed research backs up a lot of what industry insiders already know. The Journal of Hazardous Materials published data showing Cyanex 301’s unique ability to grab metals like nickel and cobalt from complex mixtures. Companies like Solvay manufacture Cyanex 301 for large-scale use, and analysts like Roskill have connected rising demand for the product to the surge in electric vehicles worldwide.
Every chemical used in metal recovery brings risks. Cyanex 301 doesn’t escape concerns over health and waste. Workers need training to handle the stuff safely. Factories need to stop spills and recapture what escapes into air or water. Regulators keep a close eye, pushing for tighter standards. Engineers and researchers keep looking for greener alternatives and ways to use less solvent per ton of metal. I’ve seen the difference firsthand in plant tours, where newer systems rely on stricter controls and constant monitoring.
Global demand for green tech will keep growing, and so will the need for smart, responsible extraction and recycling methods. Cyanex 301 plays a big supporting role today, helping industry keep up while reducing harm down the line.
Cyanex 301 is not a household name. Inside labs and mining operations, though, it gets plenty of attention. This extractant shows up when scientists need to separate rare earth metals, especially those tricky to pick apart. Its backbone, chemistry-wise, comes from a compound called bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid. Instead of a stuffy formula sheet, think of two bulky, oil-like tails (that’s the 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl part) connected to a sulfur-rich head (the dithiophosphinic acid).
The formula: C27H57PS2. Looking deeper, every molecule has a central phosphorus atom linked to two sulfur atoms, an oxygen atom, and those two big carbon chains. This structure gives Cyanex 301 a distinct profile compared to common acids or simple phosphorus compounds, especially in the wild world of metal extraction.
I remember chemistry classes where everyone thought all acids behave the same. Cyanex 301 turns that idea upside down. The long carbon chains let it stay dissolved in organic solvents instead of water. It clings tightly to soft metals—like nickel, cobalt, or rare earth elements—while ignoring others. Sites that recycle electronics or extract valuable materials from mining waste have turned to Cyanex 301 because it zeroes in on targets most other extraction reagents overlook.
Extraction chemistry often throws curveballs. Many reagents just drag everything out of solution, forcing operators to sort through a mess. Thanks to its chemical design, Cyanex 301 prefers “softer” metals, skipping the less useful ones. It’s a bit like having a magnet that only picks up gold among a pile of metal scraps. People in the metallurgical world know how valuable that selectivity can be, mostly because cleanup is easier and environmental impact goes down when fewer chemicals get pushed through the process.
The popularity of Cyanex 301 tracks alongside the growth in high-tech gadgets and green technologies. Rare earth separation, especially for things like electric vehicles and wind turbines, runs smoother with Cyanex 301. According to peer-reviewed research, it offers a sharper selectivity between trivalent rare earths compared to related reagents like Cyanex 272. This sharp focus means less waste and better yield, both critical with limited natural resources.
There’s a catch, though. Those dithiophosphinic acids—while clever in the lab—don’t always break down easily in the environment. Some studies noticed residual Cyanex 301 in wastewater streams after industrial use, raising eyebrows about long-term safety. Here, operators bear the responsibility to run proper waste treatment or consider recycling their extractant solutions. Rules across Europe and North America encourage these extra steps, especially with material streams that touch sensitive ecosystems.
Chemists and environmental engineers haven’t stood still. Techniques like solvent recovery, recycling spent Cyanex 301, or even tweaking the molecular structure slightly to improve breakdown in sunlight all play a part in reducing its footprint. Some groups tweak the process to use smaller amounts or switch to less toxic diluents as the carrier liquid. Regulatory bodies ask for documentation on lifecycle impacts. Regular audits and a move toward circular use mean future generations of metal extractants will need a smaller, cleaner profile.
From firsthand lab work with rare earth separation to reviewing field data from remote mining sites, I’ve seen Cyanex 301 give both efficiency and headaches. With responsible handling and open discussion about its lifecycle and disposal, the chemical composition of Cyanex 301 can be a tool for both innovation and sustainability in critical mineral supply chains.
Cyanex 301 sits in the chemical cabinets of countless research labs and mining operations. It’s the go-to solvent extractant for separating metals, often at the heart of hydrometallurgical projects. Yet I’ve watched too many folks treat it like dish soap, ignoring the real risks this compound brings. At its core, Cyanex 301 has strong sulfur bonds and an oily texture that clings to skin, containers, and even the air. Smell it once, and that sharp, garlicky odor stays in your mind—a warning you shouldn’t ignore.
Understanding Cyanex 301 means reading the technical sheet, but more importantly, trusting your senses. A drop will spread across a benchtop and leave a mark. Direct skin contact causes irritation, and even with basic gloves, it sometimes seeps through after repeated exposure. Its liquid state at room temperature makes it easy to spill or splash, and at higher temperatures, it produces vapors that go unnoticed in a stuffy lab or plant.
Every lab worker has access to gloves, aprons, and goggles. But old nitrile gloves get holes. Goggles fog up and end up hanging from necks, instead of covering eyes. Real safety can’t happen without vigilance. Fresh gloves, splash-proof goggles, and good ventilation keep problems away. At my last plant job, we set strict inventory checks for gloves because folks would “make do” with torn ones if new boxes ran low. It’s a small change, but it made all the difference. Eye-wash stations and emergency showers have to stay unplugged, accessible, and clearly marked. I tell newcomers: you’ll never need an emergency shower until someone absent-mindedly knocks over a flask, so clear those cardboard boxes stacked in front before every shift.
Once the bottle’s open, things get trickier. I’ve seen Cyanex 301 stored in old solvent bottles or soda bottles—these shortcuts don’t just break lab rules, they invite disaster. Factory containers with tight, chemical-resistant lids and clear labeling are key. Secondary containment trays block spills from spreading. Stainless steel shelving stands up to accidental leaks far better than wooden benches. Too many labs try to save space by storing chemicals above head height. Nobody wants Cyanex 301 raining down in an earthquake or getting jostled in a rush.
Volatile sulfur compounds linger in the air, especially when pouring or transferring the substance. Fume hoods give extra insurance. Anyone who’s worked in a poorly ventilated room knows that chemical headaches sap focus. By simply turning on the extraction fans, or confirming the hood works, staff cut exposure levels and the long-term health impacts that might go unnoticed for years.
Once Cyanex 301 has done its job, it doesn’t just vanish. Used extractant joins chemical waste, and tossing it in a regular trash bin or pouring it down a drain spells real trouble. Licensed waste contractors handle the residue and contaminated PPE, tracking disposal with batch records. Some facilities reuse extractant after purification, but that takes skill and regular testing.
Most accidents start with routine. If teams keep treating Cyanex 301 like water, that’s a management problem. Good training clamps down on carelessness. Safety talks, not just fancy posters, drive the message home. In my own experience, naming a “safety champion” on every shift made people think twice before taking shortcuts. Handling Cyanex 301 safely isn’t a heavy burden—it’s a sign of self-respect and respect for colleagues.
Standing in a hydrometallurgy plant, I remember the strong scent of process chemicals and the whir of machines. Many companies in mining rely on Cyanex 301 to separate rare earth elements and precious metals from ore. The job often demands pinpoint accuracy, especially for elements like cobalt and nickel, or rare earths such as dysprosium and neodymium. The edge that Cyanex 301 gives comes from its selectivity; it can extract metals from leach solutions that would stump other extractants. According to reports by the International Journal of Mineral Processing, operations in South Africa, China, and Australia often choose Cyanex 301 to boost output, tighten controls over process costs, and maintain steady yields.
Companies that recycle old electronics don’t just recover gold and copper. Rare earth elements, used in everything from speakers to wind turbines, end up in the waste pile unless someone pulls them out. I’ve watched engineers in European e-waste facilities use Cyanex 301 to strip lanthanides from shredded magnets and circuit boards. The chemistry makes a difference: with Cyanex 301, recovery jumps, losses fall, and the whole process makes it easier to reuse these critical metals. Research from the Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology shows recycled rare earths supply about 10% of some regions’ needs, in part due to chemicals like Cyanex 301 keeping the process viable.
Heavy metals in water always get attention, especially near mining sites or factories. On site visits with remediation specialists in Canada, I’ve seen Cyanex 301 used in small modular plants trying to tackle arsenic or antimony pollution. It binds tightly to unwanted metals, letting workers strip contaminants from groundwater and waste streams before sending clean water downstream. According to Environment & Climate Change Canada, pilot projects using Cyanex 301 have met tough regulatory targets, sometimes bringing contamination below detection limits.
Some chemical companies do more than make cleaners and plastics. For businesses blending finely tuned catalysts, batteries, or optical materials, the high purity metals produced by Cyanex 301-based processes matter. Battery firms, for example, need cobalt and nickel with near-zero impurities. I’ve visited plants in Asia where this extraction agent pulls pure metal feed from a mix so competitors can’t match the product specs. Recurring feedback from plant managers points to fewer process interruptions and longer catalyst life when they switch to Cyanex 301-based inputs.
Research groups and pilot plants push Cyanex 301 in new directions, chasing efficiency or novel applications. In university labs, it often shows up in studies on uranium recovery, separation of actinides from lanthanides, or waste valorization. Researchers at national labs in the United States published results in the journal Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, highlighting how tweaking Cyanex 301’s chemical structure changes selectivity for rare metals. That kind of deep dive paves the way for tomorrow’s green tech and battery upgrades.
With more demand for rare earths and cleaner tech, pressure grows to recover metals from piles that used to get tossed away. New filtration systems, better automation, and greener solvents could shrink the footprint further. Still, it’s people—the plant operators and lab chemists—who decide when Cyanex 301 makes the cut. More transparency in supply chains, better worker training, and spill safeguards should stay front and center as use grows.
Cyanex 301 shows up a lot in rare earth metal extraction. It does its job, but it comes with a set of dangers that nobody working in a lab or plant can afford to shrug off. Skin and eyes burn on contact. Breathing in vapors or aerosols often leads to coughing, throat irritation, headaches, or much worse. If someone swallows this stuff, nausea and other gut issues aren’t far behind. The safety sheet isn’t just red tape—it’s a real wakeup call.
Chemists and technicians working with Cyanex 301 always put on the right gear. Nitrile or neoprene gloves block splashes better than the cheaper options. Lab coats keep street clothes clean, but real breaks in the fabric—like tears or rolled-up sleeves—leave skin exposed and at risk. Splash goggles beat regular glasses every day of the week. If you stick your face near Cyanex 301, nothing beats a full-face shield for added comfort and barrier protection. Shoes should cover the whole foot, not just toes.
Fume hoods vent gases and vapors up and away. Fans carry any lingering mist from spills along. Most plants using Cyanex 301 set up strict “no food, no drink, no phones” rules in production zones. Staff who know the smell or look of a spill respond faster—sometimes, noticing a slight color or odor change means stopping a disaster before it spreads.
Spill kits work best when already opened and stocked. Absorbent pads, sand, sealed bags for cleanup, and a clear chart on the wall listing emergency contacts save precious time. Folk with Cyanex 301 in the building walk through emergency training and drills, not just on paper, but hands-on, especially after seeing close-calls in the plant. Shower stations and eye wash stations deserve a clear path—boxes or pallets set in front could slow someone’s dash to safety.
Removing gloves the right way, then washing hands well before leaving—this stops accidents from coming home. Keeping a tidy space, always recapping bottles, and labeling everything in bold letters stops confusion. Checking the expiration dates on storage containers and disposing of waste through certified hazardous waste handlers keeps regulators out of your hair and the environment safer.
Heavy solvents and extractants like Cyanex 301 threaten water if spills get loose or waste enters drains. Locals worry about run-off, and they have good reason to. Water monitoring, double-containment tanks, and routine inspections help keep it out of the natural cycle. Factories that take complaints from nearby communities seriously, check in often, and publish findings build useful trust.
I’ve watched new hires underestimate the power of a “simple” solvent—one drop on skin, and redness follows within minutes. You don’t always know how sensitive your own body will be until the mistake happens. Health and safety teams who treat every shift like a fresh risk, not just a routine, cut down accidents and keep everyone heading home confident and unharmed. These steps aren’t just suggestions. People’s futures and local landscapes depend on doing the job right, every time.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid |
| Other names |
Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid
Cyanex® 301 Cyanex 301 extractant |
| Pronunciation | /ˈsaɪə.nɛks θriː əʊ wʌn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 1323-82-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1461710 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:131379 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1232150 |
| ChemSpider | 21845726 |
| DrugBank | DB11268 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 10dc70b6-23c5-4b60-bba4-472a339b4c6c |
| EC Number | 131351-50-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 98148 |
| KEGG | C18622 |
| MeSH | Cyanex 301" does not have a MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term. |
| PubChem CID | 152342 |
| RTECS number | GF9625000 |
| UNII | 7SP151042H |
| UN number | UN2810 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C13H21PS2 |
| Molar mass | 418.57 g/mol |
| Appearance | Dark brown liquid |
| Odor | Mercaptan-like |
| Density | 1.08 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 8.02 |
| Vapor pressure | < 0.1 mmHg (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 2.6 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 2.4 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -8.0E-6 cm³/g |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.650 |
| Viscosity | 4.43 mPa·s (at 25 °C) |
| Dipole moment | 4.22 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 610.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | C01EB |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS05, GHS06, GHS08, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS05,GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Danger |
| Hazard statements | H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | H260-H301-H311-H314-H410 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 2, Flammability: 2, Instability: 0, Special: |
| Flash point | 80 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 120 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): > 2,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): >2000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | NA K540 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 1 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 5 to 10 |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | IDLH not established |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Cyanex 302
Cyanex 272 Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid Bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)monothiophosphinic acid |
