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Ethyl 2-Methylbutanoate: A Down-to-Earth Exploration

Historical Development

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate didn’t find its way to the chemistry bench overnight. Researchers started looking into esters like this one in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, chasing the fragrances and flavors packed into fruits. Early chemists picked up on its distinct contribution to the aroma of apples and pineapples. As laboratory glassware got sturdier and distillation techniques sharpened, folks working in food science, perfumery, and organics could pull out this star compound in pure form. Synthetic access ramped up alongside the industrialization of flavors. The chemical industry kept it close, especially during the 1960s and 70s, combining process control and demand from beverage and confection companies. To a chemist, following the progress of ethyl 2-methylbutanoate is a lesson on how curiosity about fruit flavors turned into a high-volume business.

Product Overview

On paper, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate looks simple. It’s a colorless liquid with a fruity, sweet smell that easily escapes into the air. People in science labs, flavor houses, and perfumeries know it by many trade names, and it’s easy to spot by its unmistakable scent that shows up in apple and pineapple flavor blends. For anyone working in product design or formulation, the allure comes from its stability under normal storage and handling, its rapid mixing with alcohols, and its ability to punch up both flavor and fragrance with little effort. This isn’t a background ingredient—small doses make a real difference.

Physical & Chemical Properties

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate wears its chemistry on its sleeve. Its molecular formula is C7H14O2, and it checks in with a molar mass just shy of 130 grams per mole. Pour it out and you’ll see a fluid that looks much like water but smells a whole lot better. It boils at around 120°C and freezes below minus ten. Laboratories find it dissolves nicely in organic solvents like ethanol and ether, but it doesn’t make friends with water. If you leave it out uncovered, volatility steps up—its vapor fills the air before you know it. This evaporation comes in handy for perfumers, though it means open handling can’t last long without top-off containers or sealed systems. Flammability rates high, so storing it away from heat or flame is standard practice.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Manufacturers sell ethyl 2-methylbutanoate to strict benchmarks. Purity levels above 98% figure into most flavor and fragrance applications. Labels spell out the CAS number, substance grade, and production batch. Regulatory agencies across Europe, North America, and Asia ask for full traceability. It doesn’t end with numbers on paper—customers expect safety data sheets and information about allergens and trace by-products. Anyone shipping it tags containers with hazard codes signaling flammability and eye or skin irritation risks. This transparency keeps quality teams and regulatory inspectors aligned.

Preparation Method

The most common way to make ethyl 2-methylbutanoate uses a simple esterification reaction. Chemists mix 2-methylbutanoic acid with ethanol, typically using a dash of acid to help the reaction along. Heat, stirring, and careful water removal drive the equilibrium toward ester formation. Once the reaction finishes, distillation under reduced pressure pulls out pure ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Cleaning up by washing or drying steps comes next. Manufacturers with large facilities have dialed in these steps to get high yield, low waste, and reproducible output. I’ve watched small pilot units and large industrial setups run the same protocol, varying only in scale and sophistication.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Once you have ethyl 2-methylbutanoate in hand, it stays stable under most conditions. You can hydrolyze it back into 2-methylbutanoic acid and ethanol with strong acid or base. Chemists looking to make derivatives will sometimes play with the esterification partners, swapping alcohol or acid pieces to test new scents. Oxidizing agents break it back to simpler acids and alcohols. Exposure to sunlight and high temperatures nudges it toward degradation, but under normal handling, shelf life stretches for years. I’ve noticed that tinkerers in fragrance labs often blend this ester with related compounds to develop richer, more nuanced flavors or scents.

Synonyms & Product Names

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate appears on ingredient lists and chemical catalogs under several names. Ethyl sec-butyrate, Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester, and Ethyl methylbutyrate all point to the same molecule. Perfume houses sometimes use code names to keep their formulas secret, while chemical suppliers prefer clear, direct labeling. Checking all the names before buying, especially across markets and languages, helps avoid mix-ups.

Safety & Operational Standards

Anyone working with ethyl 2-methylbutanoate pays close attention to safety protocols. Inhaling vapors or letting the liquid touch the skin can lead to irritation. Gloves, goggles, and fume extraction equipment are all part of the daily routine in labs and production floors alike. Because the compound lights up at relatively low ignition temperatures, fire safety policies sit front and center. Storing it away from oxidizing agents, flames, and static makes a real difference. Eating or drinking on the jobsite doesn’t mix with handling this compound—good hygiene after working with chemicals is non-negotiable. Flushing with water and seeking medical attention in case of accidental exposure is standard advice, something both newcomers and old hands take seriously.

Application Area

People who have tasted apple or pineapple candy, or noticed a fruity note in a cologne, have probably enjoyed the work of ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. The food and beverage industry leans on this compound to shape flavor in drinks, confectionery, baked goods, and jams. Perfume designers count on its volatile, layered aroma to spark the opening notes in several fragrances. Even industrial cleaners turn to ethyl 2-methylbutanoate to mask harsh odors. In some agricultural settings, those working in pest management deploy it to attract or repel certain insects. From soft drinks to fine fragrances, this ester works harder than many people realize.

Research & Development

Universities and industrial R&D teams don’t stop hunting for new uses or improvements surrounding ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Food scientists tweak its ratios to bring out more natural or robust flavors. Analytic chemists invest in detection methods, tracing ethyl 2-methylbutanoate in complex natural products or environmental samples. Fragrance research aims to stretch the scent’s staying power without losing appeal. Biotechnological pathways—like engineered yeast or bacterial systems—offer a shot at greener, more sustainable production. Watching students run research projects on these frontiers, I’ve seen new methods pop up yearly, some making it all the way to pilot or commercial scale.

Toxicity Research

Safety researchers dig deep into the health effects of ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Standard animal studies and toxicology screens report low acute toxicity, though prolonged exposure still earns caution for skin and eyes. Regulatory agencies in the US and Europe demand ongoing monitoring as products using the compound shift and expand. In the workplace, monitoring keeps concentrations well below occupational exposure limits. Recent research explores metabolic breakdown in the human body, and so far, no nasty surprises have popped up at reasonable exposure levels used in foods and fragrances. Communities staying informed about both current and emerging data have the best shot at keeping both workers and consumers safe.

Future Prospects

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate isn’t fading from view. As people chase more natural and nuanced flavors in everything from low-alcohol beers to plant-based snacks, the demand for safe, appealing esters grows. The pressure to cut synthetic chemicals nudges researchers to explore bio-based production, reducing environmental footprint and offering a marketing edge. Flavor and fragrance scientists haven’t come close to exhausting its blend potential, either—new taste profiles, better shelf life, and unique aroma releases all sit in reach. Smarter chemical processes and tougher regulatory standards make things more demanding, but for this compound, opportunity knocks from several directions at once.



What is Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate used for?

The Quiet Workhorse in Our Food and Fragrance

Open a fresh bag of apples or pears, and you catch a bright, fruity scent. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate gives that impression. This clear liquid makes fruit flavors pop, even outside the orchard. Food companies tap into this chemical’s power to breathe life into juices, jams, candies, and even chewing gum. People don’t often stop to think about how a peach-flavored soda or a grape candy nails that burst of real fruit, yet it almost always traces back to compounds like this.

This molecule appears naturally in apples, strawberries, and pears, but flavor manufacturers turn to the lab to produce it in quantities that serve millions. Its aroma leans sweet and fresh, staying lively even in processed foods. That versatility matters. If you’ve ever compared the taste of a dried apple slice to its fresh cousin, you know how hard it gets to keep fruit flavor alive in snacks and shelf-stable products. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate helps companies bridge that gap without weird aftertastes or artificial notes that put people off. Food technologists keep tight quality controls on purity and concentration—too much of it overpowers the rest of the recipe. Regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration list this chemical as safe for use in foods when rules are followed.

More Than Just a Flavor Additive

Flavor isn’t the only thing that matters. People buy with their noses, too. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate stands out as a top pick for perfumers working on fruit-inspired body sprays, soaps, or candles. Sweet notes can tilt a fragrance from harsh and synthetic to smooth and inviting. Perfumers build complex layers, and a touch of this ester lends fresh charm reminiscent of spring orchards.

I grew up in a household with a jam-making tradition. The kitchen exploded with fruity smells for days every summer. Decades later, I can walk through a supermarket, open a jar of preserves, and instantly tell if a company got the aroma just right. Synthetic flavors divide opinions, yet people expect modern foods and fragrances to taste and smell consistent year-round, not just during peak harvest. Lab-made ethyl 2-methylbutanoate lets companies deliver that expectation with less waste and better shelf stability than actual fruit, which spoils and loses flavor quickly.

Addressing the Industry’s Challenges

Some people worry about synthetic additives in their food and products. It’s easy to see why. Transparency matters. Ingredient lists rarely mention names like ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, using broader terms like “natural flavors.” Beyond clear labeling, companies also face pressure to source molecules from renewable or fermentation-based processes, not just petroleum-derived chemicals. A shift is already underway. New methods let biotechnologists produce this flavor from renewable resources, keeping the environmental toll low and consumer trust high.

People crave food and scents that remind them of real fruit and nature. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate delivers on that promise, as long as its use stays grounded in good science and transparent practices. It’s proof that careful chemistry—done with honest intent and thoughtful oversight—can keep familiar flavors on the table, even as consumer expectations change.

What are the safety precautions for handling Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate?

Practical Reasons for Caution

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate often shows up in the food and fragrance world because it gives off a fruity aroma. Workplaces and schools use it during chemistry experiments. Anyone who’s spent time in a lab knows the fun stops the second a chemical splashes onto your skin or, worse, vapor creeps into your lungs. Even “safe” aromas carry risks, and nobody wants a routine day ruined by carelessness.

Common Sense Precautions

Splash goggles rank high on my list. My first year in a college chemistry lab, a fellow student leaned in a little too eagerly and got an eye full of solvent. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate can irritate the eyes, skin, and airway in a similar way. Tight-fitting chemical splash goggles beat out regular glasses every time. Nitrile gloves stand up to esters like Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate better than basic latex. Lab coats matter, too; sleeves protect your skin from spills and accidental wipes.

Ventilation changes everything. I spent enough hours working with volatile compounds to know the headache that comes from ignoring the fume hood. A decent fume hood or exhaust fan takes the edge off possible inhalation risks. In workplaces with poor airflow, vapors from esters might build up. Sometimes, people don’t notice until symptoms appear—cough, dizziness, or feeling lightheaded are warning signs you wish you hadn’t ignored.

Why Labels and Storage Cannot Be Skipped

Too many accidents trace back to bad labeling. A sharpie on a beaker doesn’t cut it. Full labels spelling out the chemical name, hazard warnings, and storage instructions keep everyone safer. Store Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate tightly sealed, away from acids or oxidizers. A cool, well-ventilated spot with spill trays under the bottles works best.

Improper storage can mean slow leaks or surprise pressure build-ups. I watched a colleague clean up a sticky, fragrant mess after a stopper popped off. Clean-up dragged on for hours, when a little care upfront with tight lids on compatible shelves could have saved the day.

Accident Response: Not Just for Big Emergencies

Spills happen. I remember dropping a flask and watching fruity-smelling liquid spread under the bench. Absorbent pads, a scoop for solid cleanup material, and bags for disposal keep things contained. After clean-up, thorough washing of any contacted skin with soap and water prevents lingering effects.

Large spills or inhalation calls for more serious first-aid. Fresh air helps restore breathing, but if someone feels faint or can’t breathe, dial emergency services right away. My mentors always emphasized, “Never clean alone.” Working together shortens response time and reduces surprises.

Broader Lessons for Safer Labs

Ongoing training makes a difference. The best labs review safety steps before every new session involving volatile or irritating substances. The organizations with the safest records run annual drills and clear signage that even visitors understand. Practicing spill cleanups with an empty bottle or mock liquid can help everyone keep calm when the real thing happens.

Simple habits—staying organized, labeling carefully, working under a fume hood, and wearing full protection—keep Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate from becoming a hazard. Safety grows from routines developed over years of paying attention to small things, not waiting for mistakes to teach the hard lesson.

What is the chemical formula of Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate?

The Chemical Formula and What It Tells Us

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate carries the formula C7H14O2. Every time you come across this name, it points to a molecule with seven carbons, fourteen hydrogens, and two oxygens. This formula packs more than just numbers—it opens the door to understanding both its structure and its everyday significance. The molecule belongs to the family known as esters, created from an acid (2-methylbutanoic acid) and an alcohol (ethanol). This isn’t uncommon in food chemistry, but ethyl 2-methylbutanoate has made a name for itself far beyond the lab.

A Scent You Already Know

This compound delivers a scent best described as fruity, with strong notes of apples and pineapples. The reason many candies, beverages, and perfumes evoke memories of summer fruit baskets often comes down to the presence of ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. The formula defines its reactivity and aroma profile. It gets picked up in the gas chromatograph readings of apple and pineapple—nature already uses molecules like this to grab our attention. For anyone working in the food or fragrance industry, understanding the story told by C7H14O2 shapes the way products are designed and perceived.

Safety and Human Use

This ester shows up on the Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) list in the United States when used in food. It’s found at low concentrations, both in natural and artificial flavor applications. If you work in a lab or run quality checks at a beverage plant, you know the importance of purity and traceability. Chemical formulas become tools for verifying you’re putting out safe, high-quality consumables. The FDA's ongoing assessment helps keep manufacturers in check. Kids who pop fruit-flavored candy into their mouths might not think about C7H14O2, but the adults at every point in the supply chain don’t have the luxury to forget.

Environmental and Health Considerations

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate does not linger. It breaks down quickly in open air, reducing its environmental burden. Production facilities handling the pure substance can work safely by following standard safety guidelines—ensuring good ventilation and protective equipment. Rarely, people with acute chemical sensitivities might notice irritation, especially if they breathe in concentrated vapors, but most people never worry about these levels. The safety data underscores the importance of education, especially for young scientists who might only see the fun side of flavor chemistry.

Challenges and Solutions Moving Forward

Keeping a sustainable supply of food-grade esters like ethyl 2-methylbutanoate means turning to green chemistry. Fermentation and enzymatic synthesis are gathering momentum, creating molecules with the same formula but from renewable sources. Manufacturers have started listening to consumer demand for transparency—so labeling now goes deeper than “artificial flavor.” Quality assurance teams rely on analytical chemistry, often employing techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), to authenticate both natural and synthetic sources. These efforts fight food fraud and keep trust high for everyone down the supply chain.

Final Thoughts on Impact

Understanding C7H14O2 delivers more than textbook knowledge. It gives us a realistic view of how chemistry shapes daily experiences and consumer choices. For researchers, manufacturers, regulators, and even regular shoppers, knowing the story behind ethyl 2-methylbutanoate paves the way for safer products and honest conversations about what lands on our plates or perfumes our air.

Does Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate have any health hazards?

What is Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate?

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate usually pops up on food labels and ingredient lists. It delivers a sweet, fruity scent, and you’ll often find it hiding in flavorings for candy, beverages, and baked goods. Chemists use it for that fresh, juicy “apple” or “pineapple” kick. You might catch a whiff while opening a fruit snack or even picking up a lip balm.

Understanding the Science: Safe in Small Amounts

Regulatory groups, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), cleared Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate as safe for use in foods as a flavor additive. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviewed the available toxicology data and came to the same conclusion. These agencies set maximum allowable levels based on the best data science could gather, including animal studies and chemical breakdown in the body. For ordinary folks nibbling on store-bought treats or sipping soft drinks, consuming or inhaling trace amounts doesn’t stack up to a real threat.

Factories and research labs deal with much higher concentrations. Anyone working with it directly might experience mild irritation if the stuff touches their skin, gets in their eyes, or floats into the air as a vapor. Strong fruity chemicals, even ones pulled from nature, can hit harder in the lungs and nose. Low-level irritant effects aren’t uncommon among lab techs. Wearing gloves and using chemical hoods tends to stop problems before they start.

Larger Exposures Bring More Risk

A few health agencies logged concerns around bigger doses. Rodent studies pointed to possible stomach irritation if animals swallowed large amounts over several days. Still, the doses in these studies far outstripped what lands on a piece of candy. There’s no evidence this compound leads to cancer, reproductive problems, or chronic diseases in humans at the doses used in food or fragrance.

Call it a lesson in context: eating a fruit-flavored chew spiked with Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate isn’t the same as working in a poorly ventilated lab filled with its vapor. The risk level rises with exposure and concentration. Even vitamins, water, and oxygen can become hazardous if the dose soars above what bodies can handle.

Looking at Other Sources: Everyday Contact

Anyone who grew up surrounded by fruit stands or compotes knows natural fruits themselves are stuffed with natural esters, including Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Apples, apricots, and guavas load it into their skins and flesh. Tasting it in a sports drink means encountering a lab-made version that mimics what nature made. Our bodies break it down just as easily, with extra safeguards to protect people with sensitive skin or allergies.

What Can Make Things Safer?

Curiosity doesn’t hurt when it comes to synthetic fragrances and flavoring agents. Anyone spending hours handling large volumes should get a decent pair of gloves and try not to work in tight spaces. Factories and schools can step up their ventilation gear and offer better information to workers. For consumers, reading the ingredient list helps people pay attention to changes in their health and speak up if weird symptoms show up.

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate in the dose found in everyday products sits firmly in the “low concern” camp according to world health bodies. Still, the right to know what lands in our food, air, and workplace should always be front and center. For those handling chemicals outside the kitchen, common sense safety gear keeps problems away. For everyone else, moderation does the job.

What does Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate smell like?

Diving Into a Familiar Scent

Open a fresh pack of strawberries and the scent fills the air. That bright, fruity tang you pick up comes in part from a compound called ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Found not only in strawberries but also in apples, pineapples, and even grape-flavored candies, this chemical shapes more of our daily flavor experience than most people realize.

Fruity, Sweet, and Almost Chewy

I remember biting into a ripe strawberry picked right from the field as a kid. The taste isn’t just about sugar or tartness. There’s a richness behind it—a sense of lightness but also depth. Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate offers a fruity aroma, heavy on sweetness, sometimes described as reminiscent of pineapple and apple peel. Anyone who’s walked through a candy aisle or mixed up a tropical fruit smoothie knows the sensation. The smell brings to mind the sticky fingers from picking fruit and the laughter around the kitchen table, everyone debating which apple variety tastes “right.” Most flavor houses use this compound to recreate authentic fruit notes because it taps into such core sensory memories.

It’s Not Just About the Fruit

The food industry leans on ethyl 2-methylbutanoate to sharpen the sweetness and lift the juiciness in everything from breakfast cereals to soft drinks. Even so, sniffing pure ethyl 2-methylbutanoate from a chemistry set is a shock. The odor jumps up—bright, punchy, slightly acidic, and distinctly reminiscent of the shell of an apple or the aroma near a peeled pineapple. It can be strong enough to seem artificial, but in the right concentration, it supports that balanced, mouthwatering experience we crave when pressing our nose to a bowl of cut fruit.

Naturally Occurring But Heavily Managed

Expecting perfectly flavored fruit year-round means more reliance on compounds like this, especially after harvest. As strawberries and apples ripen, they naturally produce ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. The supermarket version of these fruits rarely sees a field or ripens under real sun, so growers and food scientists bridge the gap with synthesized versions, helping ensure that every pint or bag brings a consistent, recognizable flavor home.

Scent’s Place in Memory and Marketing

We trust our noses more than we admit. That bright, recognizable note in flavored yogurts or candies becomes the sign of “real” fruit—even if the source sits in a lab instead of an orchard. Consuming foods scented with synthetic compounds like ethyl 2-methylbutanoate isn’t inherently risky. Extensive studies confirm its safety in the levels used for flavoring, an important point for parents who want to know what’s in their snack foods.

Building Better Flavors

Shoppers now expect flavors that glow extra bright or mimic summer’s best fruit. The quest for bolder, clearer, and more natural tastes puts more pressure on growers, food companies, and regulators. Inevitably, the balancing act between real and artificial continues. Supporting local farmers who allow fruit to ripen under the sun helps strengthen both flavor and nutrition positions, but sometimes the weather, economics, or logistics get in the way. As technology advances, synthetic and natural blends improve so the gap narrows, bringing that nostalgic “real” fruit smell a little closer to everyone’s table.

Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate
Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate
Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate
Other names Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate
Ethyl beta-methylbutyrate
Ethyl isovalerate
Pronunciation /ˈiːθɪl tuː ˈmɛθəl bjuːˈteɪnoʊeɪt/
Identifiers
CAS Number 7452-79-1
Beilstein Reference 1207937
ChEBI CHEBI:8973
ChEMBL CHEMBL3186976
ChemSpider 13355
DrugBank DB14671
ECHA InfoCard 03dbf1b2-3b81-44aa-9b5f-7e8f9f2d6dfc
EC Number 203-306-4
Gmelin Reference 7730
KEGG C06222
MeSH D019319
PubChem CID 7799
RTECS number EL6655000
UNII 4KBZ3F86U7
UN number UN1193
Properties
Chemical formula C7H14O2
Molar mass 116.16 g/mol
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Fruity; apple-like
Density 0.868 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Solubility in water insoluble
log P 1.85
Vapor pressure 0.6 mmHg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 25.6
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -54.9 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.398
Viscosity Viscosity: 0.657 mPa·s (25 °C)
Dipole moment 1.70 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 389.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -468.6 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -3364.6 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code
Hazards
GHS labelling GHS02, GHS07
Pictograms GHS02, GHS07
Signal word Warning
Precautionary statements P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P235, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-2-0
Flash point 45 °C (113 °F; 318 K) - closed cup
Autoignition temperature 426 °C
Explosive limits 1.1% - 7.5%
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 oral rat 6,660 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): 7,320 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH FF3083000
PEL (Permissible) Not established
REL (Recommended) REL: 10 ppm (45 mg/m³)
Related compounds
Related compounds Methyl butanoate
Ethyl butanoate
2-Methylbutanoic acid
Ethyl 2-methylpropanoate