Homosalate, known by its chemical formula C16H22O3 and HS Code 2918140090, comes out of organic synthesis. Produced in the form of solid, clear flakes, white or off-white powder, and sometimes as liquid or crystalline pearls, this compound often finds its way into sunscreen formulations as a UVB absorber. Its structure, built around a salicylate backbone and a long alkyl chain, allows it to dissolve easily in a range of cosmetic oils. Density usually floats around 1.05 g/mL at room temperature. Homosalate remains stable under normal conditions, but it can break down when exposed to strong acids or bases.
Held in your hand, homosalate as a raw material might slide out of the bag as loose flakes, sometimes sticking together in the humid air. Pressed between fingers, it's smooth and leaves a slight slick. Its melting point falls near 45°C, and it turns into a clear, oily liquid when gently warmed. Homosalate shows very little odor, which matters for end users looking for non-intrusive sun care. Solubility sits low in water—less than 0.1 g/L—but rises dramatically in esters and many plant-based oils. Its refractive index is around 1.514, which chemists check when confirming purity in the lab.
Examining its molecular structure, homosalate holds a salicylic acid core, with a 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester group attached. This arrangement helps filter UVB rays (wavelengths up to 315 nm), a property measured in labs with spectrophotometers. Manufacturers often require homosalate at 98% purity or higher; testing for contaminants like residual solvents, heavy metals, or degradation products is routine. Viscosity comes in at the right balance for blending into emulsions, allowing finished sunscreen products to achieve that familiar smooth feel.
Most folks encounter homosalate in sunscreens, but it occasionally appears in other personal care products that call for UV light protection. Its ability to absorb UVB radiation without breaking down too quickly under sunlight keeps it in high demand for beach lotions and daily-wear moisturizers. Cosmetic chemists like its compatibility with both mineral and synthetic UV filters. Homosalate works best when combined with stabilizers like octocrylene, which helps keep its protective qualities steady in sunlight. Packaging usually includes airtight drums or containers, protecting against moisture, ultraviolet degradation, and dust.
Homosalate stands out in safety tests, showing low acute toxicity in both oral and dermal routes. Skin irritation remains rare in patch tests, and reports of allergic responses are minimal. Eye contact can lead to mild irritation, so workers use gloves and goggles in bulk handling. Inhalation of fine powder isn't recommended—manufacturing spaces rely on dust-control measures. Regulatory agencies, like the FDA in the United States and the European Commission, set use limits. The FDA allows concentrations up to 15% in finished sunscreens. Recent studies suggest careful evaluation for bioaccumulation and endocrine disruption, which has pushed regulatory reviews in the EU and elsewhere. Factory teams keep Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) on hand, focusing on storage, first aid, and fire response. Waste disposal involves incineration or approved chemical waste programs, never open drains or soil.
Raw materials for homosalate synthesis generally come from petrochemical derivatives—aromatic acids and alcohols make up the base stock. Global supply chains stretch from chemical plants in Asia, Europe, and North America. Suppliers run batch testing on both the intermediates and finished product, with lot traceability required for big cosmetic companies. Finished homosalate moves in sealed drums labeled with the UN number 3077, indicating a marine pollutant status for some shipments. Warehousing follows tight rules for chemical segregation, temperature control, and fire safety, since high temperatures can lead to product degradation.
Concerns over environmental buildup and possible hormone-like activity in aquatic systems drive stronger safety testing and innovations. New synthesis routes focus on greener methods, with reduced waste and lower use of hazardous solvents. Companies explore bio-based feedstocks as alternatives to petrochemicals. Product development now leans toward lower homosalate concentrations, greater blending with physical UV blockers like zinc oxide, and transparent labeling for consumers. Ongoing work includes new analytical tools for detecting trace contaminants and breakdown products in both water and soil.
Homosalate delivers needed sun protection for millions and remains a staple for raw materials buyers and product chemists. With proper sourcing, safety steps, and attention to evolving research, this compound finds a balance between performance and public health. Manufacturers, regulators, and consumers all play a role in keeping its use safe and responsible.
